Bisphenol A and male fertility: myths and realities
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Authors
Castellini, Chiara
Totaro, Maria
Parisi, Antonio
D'Andrea, Settimio
Lucente, Liana
Cordeschi, Giuliana
Francavilla, Sandro
Francavilla, Felice
Barbonetti, Arcangelo
Issue Date
2020-06-12
Type
Article
Language
en_US
Keywords
Male Fertility , Endocrine Disruptors , Environmental Pollution , Oxidative Stress , Spermatozoa , Sperm DNA Damage
Alternative Title
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) represents the main chemical monomer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The environmental presence of BPA is widespread, and it can easily be absorbed by the human body through dietary and transdermal routes, so that more than 90% of the population in western countries display detectable BPA levels in the urine. As BPA is qualified as an endocrine disruptor, growing concern is rising for possible harmful effects on human health. This review critically discusses the available literature dealing with the possible impact of BPA on male fertility. In rodent models, the in vivo exposure to BPA negatively interfered with the regulation of spermatogenesis throughout the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, BPA promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative/apoptotic damages in spermatozoa from different species, including humans. To date, the claimed clinical adverse effects on male fertility are largely based on the results from studies assessing the relationship between urinary BPA concentration and conventional semen parameters. These studies, however, produced controversial evidence due to heterogeneity in the extent of BPA exposure, type of population, and enrollment setting. Moreover, the cause–effect relationship cannot be established due to the cross-sectional design of the studies as well as the large spontaneous between- and within-subject variability of semen parameters. The best evidence of an adverse effect of BPA on male fertility would be provided by prospective studies on clinically relevant endpoints, including natural or medically assisted pregnancies among men either with different exposure degrees (occupational/environmental) or with different clinical conditions (fertile/subfertile).
Description
Citation
Castellini, C., Totaro, M., Parisi, A., D'Andrea, S., Lucente, L., Cordeschi, G., Francavilla, S., Francavilla, F., & Barbonetti, A. (2020). Bisphenol A and Male Fertility: Myths and Realities. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 353. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00353
Publisher
Frontiers in Endocrinology