How lifestyle changes during the covid-19 global pandemic affected the pattern and symptoms of the menstrual cycle
| dc.contributor.author | Bruinvels, Georgie | |
| dc.contributor.author | Blagrove, Richard C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Goldsmith, Esther | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shaw, Laurence | |
| dc.contributor.author | Martin, Daniel | |
| dc.contributor.author | Piasecki, Jessica | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-10-28T03:17:17Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-10-28T03:17:17Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-10 | |
| dc.description.abstract | This research investigated the implications that the COVID-19 pandemic had on the menstrual cycle and any contributing factors to these changes. A questionnaire was completed by 559 eumenorrheic participants, capturing detail on menstrual cycle symptoms and characteristics prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Over half of all participants reported to have experienced lack of motivation (61.5%), focus (54.7%) and concentration (57.8%). 52.8% of participants reported an increase in cycle length. Specifically, there was an increase in the median cycle length reported of 5 days (minimum 2 days, maximum 32 days), with a median decrease of 3 days (minimum 2 days and maximum 17 days). A lack of focus was significantly associated with a change in menstrual cycle length (p = 0.038) reported to have increased by 61% of participants. Changes to eating patterns of white meat (increase p = 0.035, decrease p = 0.003) and processed meat (increase p = 0.002 and decrease p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a change in menstrual cycle length. It is important that females and practitioners become aware of implications of environmental stressors and the possible long-term effects on fertility. Future research should continue to investigate any long-lasting changes in symptoms, as well as providing education and support for females undergoing any life stressors that may implicate their menstrual cycle and/or symptoms. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.citation | Bruinvels, G., Blagrove, R. C., Goldsmith, E., Shaw, L., Martin, D., & Piasecki, J. (2022). How Lifestyle Changes during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic Affected the Pattern and Symptoms of the Menstrual Cycle. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13622. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013622 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.other | DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013622 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14041/3044 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | en_US |
| dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ | * |
| dc.subject | Female Physiology | en_US |
| dc.subject | Reproductive Function | en_US |
| dc.subject | Symptoms | en_US |
| dc.subject | Eumenorrheic | en_US |
| dc.subject | Nutrition | en_US |
| dc.subject | Training | en_US |
| dc.subject | Menstruation | en_US |
| dc.title | How lifestyle changes during the covid-19 global pandemic affected the pattern and symptoms of the menstrual cycle | en_US |
| dc.type | Article | en_US |