Preliminary development of a scale to measure stigma relating to sexually transmitted infections among women in a high risk neighbourhood
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Authors
Rusch, Melanie LA
Shoveller, Jean A
Burgess, Susan
Stancer, Karen
Patrick, David M
Tyndall, Mark W
Issue Date
2008-11-20
Type
Article
Language
en_US
Keywords
Sexually Transmitted Infections , High Risk Neighbourhood
Alternative Title
Abstract
Background:
As stigma is a socially constructed concept, it would follow that stigma related to sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted infections would carry with it many of the gender-based morals that are entrenched in social constructs of sexuality. In many societies, women tend to be judged more harshly with respect to sexual morals, and would therefore have a different experience of stigma related to sexual behaviours as compared to men. While a variety of stigma scales exist for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in general; none incorporate these female-specific aspects. The objective of this study was to develop a scale to measure the unique experience of STI-related stigma among women.
Methods:
A pool of items was identified from qualitative and quantitative literature on sexual behaviour and STIs among women. Women attending a social evening program at a local community health clinic in a low-income neighbourhood with high prevalence of substance use were passively recruited to take part in a cross-sectional structured interview, including questions on sexual behaviour, sexual health and STI-related stigma. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify stigma scales, and descriptive statistics were used to assess the associations of demographics, sexual and drug-related risk behaviours with the emerging scales.
Results:
Three scales emerged from exploratory factor analysis – female-specific moral stigma, social stigma (judgement by others) and internal stigma (self-judgement) – with alpha co-efficients of 0.737, 0.705 and 0.729, respectively. In this population of women, internal stigma and social stigma carried higher scores than female-specific moral stigma. Aboriginal ethnicity was associated with higher internal and female-specific moral stigma scores, while older age (>30 years) was associated with higher female-specific moral stigma scores.
Conclusion:
Descriptive statistics indicated an important influence of culture and age on specific types of stigma. Quantitative researchers examining STI-stigma should consider incorporating these female-specific factors in order to tailor scales for women.
Description
Citation
Rusch, M. L., Shoveller, J. A., Burgess, S., Stancer, K., Patrick, D. M., & Tyndall, M. W. (2008). Preliminary development of a scale to measure stigma relating to sexually transmitted infections among women in a high risk neighbourhood. BMC women's health, 8, 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-8-21
Publisher
BMC Women's Health