Postpartum depression in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Authors
Upadhyay, Ravi Prakash;Chowdhury, Ranadip;Aslyeh Salehi; Sarkar, Kaushik; Singh, Sunil Kumar; Sinha, Bireshwar; Pawar, Aditya;Rajalakshmi, Aarya Krishnan;Kumar, Amardeep
Issue Date
2017
Type
Journal / periodical articles
Language
Keywords
Systematic Reviews;Postpartum depression;Childbirth
Alternative Title
Abstract
Description
Objective To provide an estimate of the burden of postpartum depression in Indian mothers and investigate some risk factors for the condition.
Methods We searched PubMed®, Google Scholar and Embase® databases for articles published from year 2000 up to 31 March 2016 on
the prevalence of postpartum depression in Indian mothers. The search used subject headings and keywords with no language restrictions.
Quality was assessed via the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. We performed the meta-analysis using a random effects model.
Subgroup analysis and meta-regression was done for heterogeneity and the Egger test was used to assess publication bias.
Findings Thirty-eight studies involving 20 043 women were analysed. Studies had a high degree of heterogeneity (I
2=96.8%) and there
was evidence of publication bias (Egger bias=2.58; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.83–4.33). The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence
of postpartum depression was 22% (95% CI: 19–25). The pooled prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 17–22) when excluding 8 studies reporting
postpartum depression within 2 weeks of delivery. Small, but non-significant differences in pooled prevalence were found by mother’s
age, geographical location and study setting. Reported risk factors for postpartum depression included financial difficulties, presence of
domestic violence, past history of psychiatric illness in mother, marital conflict, lack of support from husband and birth of a female baby.
Conclusion The review shows a high prevalence of postpartum depression in Indian mothers. More resources need to be allocated for
capacity-building in maternal mental health care in India.
Citation
Publisher
WHO
License
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO