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Item Development of indicators to measure health system capacity for quality abortion care in 10 countries: a rapid assessment of a measurement framework and indicators(BMJ Public Health, 2024-05-06) Heidi Bart, Johnston; Ulrika Rehnstrom, Loi; Mohamed, Ali; Katy, Footman; Ghislaine Glitho, Alinsato; Eman, Aly; Asmani, Chilanga; Shikha, Bansal; Laurence, Codjia; Fahdi, Dkhimi; Sithembile, Dlamini-Nqeketo; Hayfa, Elamin; Dina, Gbenou; Karima, Gholbzouri; Lisa, Hedman; Nilmini, Hemachandra; Yelmali, Hien; Md Khurshid Alam, Hyder; Theopista, John; Amrita, Kansal; Priya, Karna; Laurence, Läser; Antonella, Lavelanet; Belete, Mihretu; Pamela Amaka, Onyiah; Leopold, Ouedraogo; Sikander, Qais; Ellen, Thom; Meera, Upadhyay; Qudsia, Uzma; Souleymane, Zan; Bela, GanatraIntroduction: A significant gap exists in the availability of indicators and tools to monitor health system capacity for quality abortion care at input and process levels. In this paper, we describe the process and results of developing and assessing indicators to monitor health system capacity strengthening for quality abortion care.Methods: As part of a 4-year (2019–2022) multicountry project focused on preventing unsafe abortion using a health system strengthening approach in 10 countries, we developed a monitoring framework with indicators and metadata. Through an internal consultative process, we identified a structured list of operational health system capacity indicators for abortion. After implementing the indicators for baseline and annual project monitoring, project staff from 10 teams assessed each indicator using 4 criteria: validity, feasibility, usefulness and importance.Results: We identified 30 indicators aligning with 5 of the 6 WHO health system building blocks (excluding service delivery): 6 indicators in leadership and governance, 5 in health workforce, 6 in health information, 8 in access to medicines and health products and 5 in health financing. In our assessment of indicators, average scores against the predetermined criteria were lowest for feasibility (7.7 out of 10) compared with importance (8.5), usefulness (8.9) and validity (9.3). Assessors highlighted the need for fewer and less complex indicators, simplified language, clearer benchmarks, for indicators to be abortion-specific, less subjective and for future frameworks to also include service delivery and research and innovation.Conclusion: We used 30 indicators to monitor health system capacity for quality abortion care in 10 countries and gathered critical feedback that can be used to further strengthen the set of indicators in future work. Establishing core input and process indicators will be critical to inform and support evidence-based policy and programme improvements for quality abortion care.Item Knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraception among graduating female students of Jimma university, southwest Ethiopia(Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 2010-07) Tajure, Nasir; Pharm, B.Background: Emergency contraception refers to methods that women can use to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse, method failure or incorrect use. Unwanted pregnancy followed by unsafe abortion can be avoided by using different contraceptive methods including emergency contraceptives. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraception among graduating female students of Jimma University main campus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University main campus in 2009. The calculated sample size was allocated to each faculty proportions to size of female students. Then within the faculty the sample unit was selected by using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using self administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS for widow version 16.0. Results: A total of 389 (96.5%) volunteered graduating female students participated in the study. One hundred sixty three (41.9%) were ever heard of Emergency Contraceptive, only 11(6.8%) used the method. The common sources of information were friends 60 (36.5%), radio 37 (22.8%) and television 20 (12.3%). One hundred sixteen (71.2%) agreed to use Emergency Contraceptive when they practice unintended sexual intercourse. Conclusion: Awareness and use of emergency contraception among graduating female students of Jimma University was low. There is a need to educate adolescents about emergency contraceptives, with emphasis on available methods and correct timing of use.Item Delays in access to care for abortion-related complications: the experience of women in Northeast Brazil(Cadernos de Saude Publica, 2018-06) Araújo, Thália Velho Barreto de; Aquino, Estela M. L.; Menezes, Greice M. S.; Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto E.; Almeida, Maria-da-Conceição C.; Alves, Sandra Valongueiro; Coimbra, Liberata; Campbell, Oona M. R.Around 18 million unsafe abortions occur in low and middle-income countries and are associated with numerous adverse consequences to women’s health. The time taken by women with complications to reach facilities where they can receive appropriate post-abortion care can influence the risk of death and the extent of further complications. All women aged 18+ admitted for abortion complications to public-sector hospitals in three capital cities in the Northeastern Brazil between August-December 2010 were interviewed; medical records were extracted (N = 2,804). Nearly all women (94%) went straight to a health facility, mainly to a hospital (76.6%); the rest had various care-seeking paths, with a quarter visiting 3+ hospitals. Women waited 10 hours on average before deciding to seek care. 29% reported difficulties in starting to seek care, including facing challenges in organizing childcare, a companion or transport (17%) and fear/stigma (11%); a few did not initially recognize they needed care (0.4%). The median time taken to arrive at the ultimate facility was 36 hours. Over a quarter of women reported experiencing difficulties being admitted to a hospital, including long waits (15%), only being attended after pregnant women (8.9%) and waiting for a bed (7.4%). Almost all women (90%) arrived in good condition, but those with longer delays were more likely to have (mild or severe) complications. In Brazil, where access to induced abortion is restricted, women face numerous difficulties receiving post-abortion care, which contribute to delay and influence the severity of post-abortion complications.Item Health worker roles in safe abortion care and post-abortion contraception(The Lancet Global Health, 2015-07-29) Ganatra, BelaItem Contraceptive uptake in post abortion care—secondary outcomes from a randomised controlled trial, Kisumu, Kenya(PloS One, 2018-08-10) Makenzius, Marlene; Faxelid, Elisabeth; Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina; Odero, Theresa M. A.; Klingberg-Allvin, Marie; Oguttu, MonicaAim: The aim was to explore contraceptive uptake, associated factors and satisfaction among post abortion-care (PAC) seeking women in Kenya. Due to unsafe abortions, almost 120 000 Kenyan women received PAC in 2012, and of these women, 70% did not use contraception before pregnancy. Methods: This study was nested in a larger randomised controlled trial, where 859 women sought PAC at two public hospitals in Kisumu, in June 2013–May 2016. The women were randomly assigned to a midwife or a physician for PAC, including contraceptive counselling, and followed up at 7–10 days and three months. Associated factors for contraceptive uptake were analysed with binary logistic regression, and contraceptive method choice, adherence and satisfaction level were examined by descriptive statistics, using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Results: Out of the 810 PAC-seeking women, 76% (n = 609) accepted the use of contraception. Age groups of 21–25 (OR: 2.35; p < 0.029) and 26–30 (OR: 2.22; p < 0.038), and previous experience of 1–2 gravidities (OR 1.939; p = 0.018) were independent factors associated with the up-take. Methods used: injections 39% (n = 236); pills 27% (n = 166); condoms 25% (n = 151); implant 7% (n = 45) and intrauterine device (IUD) 1% (n = 8). At 3-month follow-up of the women (470/609; 77%), 354 (75%) women still used contraception, and most (n = 332; 94%) were satisfied with the method. Reasons for discontinuation were side-effects (n = 44; 39%), partner refusal (n = 27; 24%), planned pregnancy (n = 27; 24%) and lack of resupplies (n = 15; 13%). Conclusions: PAC-seeking women seem highly motivated to use contraceptives, yet a quarter decline the use, and at 3-month follow-up a further quarter among the users had discontinued. Implant, IUD and permanent method are rarely used. Strategies to improve contraceptive counselling, particularly to adolescent girls, and to increase access to a wide range of methods, as well as provider training and supervision may help to improve contraceptive acceptance and compliance among PAC-seeking women in Kisumu, Kenya.